The Pritzker Architecture PrizeSponsored by The Hyatt Foundation数据来源：wm.pritzkerprize.com整理优化：E拓筑网ww.eeeetop.comBiographyPhilip Johnson (1906-2005)was born in Cleveland,Ohio in 1906,and in thePhilip Johnsonyears since has become one of architecture's most potent forces.Before1979 Laureatedesigning his first building at the age of 36,Johnson had been client,critic,author,historian,museum director,but not an architect.BiographyIn 1949,after a number of years as the Museum of Modern Art's firstJury Citationdirector of the Architecture Department,Johnson designed a residence forCeremonyhimself in New Canaan,Connecticut for his master degree thesis,the nowSelected Worksfamous Glass House.Official WebsiteHe literally coined the term"International School of Architecture"for anMore Laureatesexhibition at MOMA.Johnson organized Mies van der Rohe's first visit to this country as well asLe Corbusier's.He even commissioned Mies to design his New Yorkapartment.Later,he would collaborate with Mies on what has beendescribed as this continent's finest high-rise building,the Seagram Buildingin New York.By the fifties,Johnson was revising his earlier views,culminating with ainrvedcontoversial of hiertheAT&T headquarters in New York with its so-called Chippendale top.Joining forces with partner John Burgee from 1967 through 1987,theirtwenty year output has been nothing short of phenomenal.The list of projects fills a volume,but suffice it to say,ranges fromnumerous high-rise projects such as International Place in Boston;TyconTowers in Vienna,Virginia;Momentum Place in Dallas;53rd at Third in NewYork;NCNB Center in Houston;PPG in Pittsburgh;101 California in SanFrancisco;United Bank Center Tower in Denver;to the far flung NationalCenter for Performing Arts in Bombay,India;Century Center in SouthBend,Indiana;a Water Garden in Fort Worth,Texas;a Civic Center inPeoria,Illinois;the Crystal Cathedral in California;and a Dade CountyCultural Center in Miami.There are many,many more.click to view selected worksSince 1989,Johnson,semi-retired,has devoted his time mainly to projectsof his own,but still is a consultant to John Burgee Architects.His most recentdesign is for a new School of Fine Arts for Seton Hill College in Greensburg,Pennsylvania见.Z$0.ET The Pritzker Architecture PrizeSponsored by The Hyatt Foundation数据来源：wm.pritzkerprize.com整理优化：E拓筑网www.eeeetop.comCeremonyDumbarton Oaks,Washington,D.C.Philip Johnson1979 LaureateDumbarton Oaks is a wonderful refuge in theGeorgetown neighborhood of Washington,D.C.Buildings on the grounds include the ninetiethBiographycentury Georgian style mansion,built in the earlyJury Citation1800s with subsequent additions and modificationsCeremonymade throughout the twentieth century.TheAcceptance SpeechMuseum of Pre-Columbian Art (1959-1963)Ceremony Speechesconsisting of eight circular galleries,designed byImagesarchitect Philip Johnson,is widely consideredVideoamong the architectural masterworks of theSelected Workstwentieth century.Official WebsiteIn 1920,diplomat Robert Bliss and his wifeMore LaureatesMildred,prominent art collectors,developedDumbarton Oaks,their estate from 1920-40.The rough grounds were transformed into gardens with elementsof French,English,and Italian formal gardens,however combined in a distinctive way by Beatrix JonesFarrand,who also worked on the private gardens of John Rockefeller,Jr.and the grounds at Yale University.In 1940 the Elisses conveyed Dumba ton Oaks,together with a specialized at research library of 50,000volumes and a collection of medieval and Byzantine art,to Harvard University.Today,the Dumbarton OaksResearch Library and Collection is an international center for scholarship,providing resources for Byzantine,Pre-Columbian,and Garden and Landscape Studies.Begun as a private collection by the Blisses in 1920,thelibrary and collections include art,objects,artifacts,manuscripts,and rare books.Because the Blisses were also lovers of music,they built a Music Room at the main house and hosted privateconcerts there,including several by musician friends,including Jan Paderewski and the composer IgorStravinsky.The ceremonies for the 1979 and 1980 Pritzker Architecture Prize were held in this space.见.Z$0.ET The Pritzker Architecture PrizeSponsored by The Hyatt Foundation数据来源：ww,pritzkerprize..com整理优化：E拓筑网wwm.ceeetop.comCeremony Acceptance SpeechPhilip JohnsonThe practice of architecture is the most delightful of all pursuits.Also,nextto agriculture,it is the most necessary to man.One must eat,one musthave shelter.Next to religious worship itself,it is the spiritual handmaiden ofBiographyJury Citationour ceepest convictions.Who among us,I would ask,does not feel morereligious after experiencing Chartres Cathedral,the Friday Mosque inCeremonyIsfahan,or Ryoanji Garden in Kyoto?Even more important than paintingAcceptance Speechand sculpture,it is the primary art of our or any other culture.Ceremony SpeechesImagesAt the same time,the pursuit of architecture comprises a host of deliciousoccupatons.It iss the necessxpression of all social considerationsSelected Worksnew society without new kinds of buildings.All reformers,the FabianOfficial Websitesocialist as well as Franklin Roosevelt,always commissioned newMore Laureatescage;and long before,the balloon frame;and long,long before that,thebeautiful brick of Assyria and Rome.Great technologies breed greatre.Therno visionutopias in the minds of philosophersthat do not enter the realm of architecture.It is also the most difficult of all the arts.How often I have envied mycolleagues who write,paint,or compose music.They live where they like,they work when they want-no recalcitrant materials,no leaky roofs,nostopped-up sewers.They tear up their mistakesclick to view selected worksAnd yet,what thrill can be as great as a design carried through,a buildingcreated in three dimensions,partaking of paing in color and detail,partaking of sculpture in shape and mass.A building for people,peopleother than oneself.who can reloice together over the creation.It is no wonder to me that whole civilizations are remembered by theirbuildings;indeed some only by their buildings.I think specifically ofTeotihuacan in Mexia peopwhose very name is lost,who had nowheel,who wrote no books,who had no iron or bronze tools,no donkeys,no horses.Yet they flourished for more than a thousand years and built agreat and unforgettable city.It was a religious city with pyramids thatoutclass the Egyptian,with a ceremonial avenue wider than Park Avenue.This was a pedestrian causeway with many stairs crossing the processionaland lined by religious pavilions;a neolithic monumental congeries ofstructures that have defied timeand scieence;courtyards and pathways andsloping walls that spoke to us a thousand years after the Teotihuacan peopledisappeared from the earth without a trace.The art of architecture is theThe ghost city of Fatehpur-Sikni in India also comes to mind;built of redsandstone in fifteern years by the sixteenth century ruler,Akbar the Greatand deserted by Akbar thirty years later.A city without street but build ofcontiguous courts,colonnades,terraces,pavilions endlessly unfolding.Preserved as if built yesterday,it was a sacred and ceremonial city built fora saint.Only the art of architecture could create this wonder for AkbarBut today architectureis not often acknowledged as basic to human activityIndustry and science take up our energies.Our thinking is dominated by theword-in prose or in poetry.Our philosophy is semantic,our metaphysicsrreligious.Our values beautifully inherited from Calvin and John Stuart Millare utilitarian,our hopes consumerist,materialistic;our way of thinking non-mythic,rationalistic,pragmatic.We eschew old-fashioned words like God,soul,aesthetics,glory,monumentality,beauty.We like practical words likecost-effective,businesslike,profitable.Architecture tends in our times to serve these ends.An unprofitableskyscraper simply would not be built.An un-businesslike drafting officewould soon destroy an architect's practice.Architects no longer build TajMahals,Versailles,or even extravaganzas like the Grand Central Station...they would cost too much.Yet ars longa vita brevis.Values can change.Art,myth,religions can bloomonce againn.We may,for example,want to rebuildAmerica.We surely can ifwe want to.We can do anything.We have the skill,the materials,the laborforce.Heaven knows,we have the need:our ugly surroundings,ournadequate housing,rsad slunns are testiWe can,if we but will;architecture,as in all the world's history,could be the art that saves.But things ccan change;architects are ready.Here in the West we areblessed with a great artistic heritage.In this century alone,we have FrankLloyd Wright,Le Corbusier,Lutyens,Mies van der Rohe,and our youngarchitects may be better than them.They have the good fortune to work ina period of great change,a change in direction upsetting all thepresuppositions of the last century.New understandings are sweeping theart.New breezes are blowing.The atmosphere is electric.It is at this moment that The Pritzker Architecture Prize is founded.What asymbol of impending change!Our Pulitzer Prizes and our Nobel Prizes arenever granted to a visual artist of any kind,much less an architect.Up untiltonight,we artists have felt we were second-class participants in society.Scientists,writers,medical doctors are all important people held in highregard in our society.Up to this night,we were not;from now on,architectcan feel prouder.I,for one,realize the Prize is not for me;the Prize is for the art ofarchitecture,the art we used to call the mother of the arts.Within ourourview are the great arts of design,decoration,ornament as well as socialhousing,city plaing and sstructural design.Maybe we can,as in othercenturies,join painting and sculpture once more to enhance our lives...Click to download full text in PDF format览Z.E回 The Pritzker Architecture PrizeSponsored by The Hyatt Foundation数据来源：wm.pritzkerprize.com整理优化：E拓筑网www.eeeetop.comCeremony SpeechCesar PelliPhilip JohnsonChairman of the Jury1979 LaureateThank you.I am particularly moved tonight by this occasion.I think it is avery important occasion for architecture,the mother of the arts that it isBiographyrecognized in this manner.I am particularly moved to be here.I think it isJury Citationvery appropriate that architecture,the mother of all arts be honored withCeremonythis award with which we are celebrating the first annual award.This isAcceptance Speechthanks to the generosity of the Pritzker Family and the efforts of Mr.CarltonCeremony SpeechesSmith.I am particularly pleased to be here to give,on behalf of the jury,Imagesthis award to Phillip Johnson,a great architect,a person whom I consider aVideofriend although a friend that I see at some distance because I am alwaysSelected Worksawed by his wit,his brilliance,and his great capability.I think it is veryOfficial Websiteappropriate that he be the very first honored and the first person to receivethis award.I will give him three elements here.First of all,a photograph ofMore Laureatesa sculpture of Henry Moore's that I guess will be completed in six months,Ibelieve,and will be given to him physically.Also,this has been written and states:"The Pritzker Architecture Prize,1979,Philtp Johnson.As a critic and historian championing the cause ofmodern architecture and then went on to design some of his greatestbuildings.Now,in his seventies and the grandest of American architecture'sgrand old men,he is leading the way to new discoveries and revising thehistory he helped to make.Through building and teaching he has made theart of architecture even more important to the public.We honor him for fiftyyears of imagination embodied in the beautiful museums,theaters,offices,houses,and gardens he has given us."见.Z$0.ET
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