己规5粤“末梢时间”对保障房居民公共交通出行的影响杨林川,崔叙,喻冰洁,魏宗财,高银宝[摘要]保障房居民主要是中低收入阶层,对公共交通依赖度极高,故公交的便利通达性尤为关键。文章以厦门市保障房社区为例,采用文献查阅、现场踏拗和深度访谈的方法,识别居民为完成公交出行“最后一公里”耗费的“末梢时间”(反映公交便利性或可达性)的组成部分和影响因素,并估算“末梢时间”,分析它对公交通达性的影响。研究发现:①“末梢时间”由步行到站时间和候车时间组成,影响“末梢时间”的因素包括门禁效应、机动车道阻隔和公交频次等:②保障房居民公交出行“末梢时间”平均超过13分钟:③“末梢时间”极大地降低了公交通达性:④保障房社区的公交可达性远低于普通商品房。最后文章提出完善“最后一公里”慢行交通体系,加强与公交站点的连结:合理管控优化门禁设施,开放小区内部道路:缩小小区尺度,提高道路密度:完善城市服务设施,对接“15分钟社区生活圈”等空间改进策略。[关键词」末梢时间:最后·公里:保障房:公共交通:可达性:厦门[文章编号]10060022(2020)04005008[中图分类号]几984[文献标识码]B[引文格式]杨林川,崔叙,喻冰洁,等.“末梢时间”对保障房居民公共交通出行的影响[U刀.规划师,2020(4④):50-57The Effect of Walking and Wait Time on the Transit Travel of Residents in Affordable Housing/Yang Linchuan,Cui Xu,Yu Bingjie,Wei Zongcai,Gao YinbaoIAbstracu Residents of affordable housing neighborhoods generally eamn low-or middle-wages and thus heavily rely ontransit to travei.That is,they are transit captive users rather than choice users who have access to the car.As transitprovides stop-to-stop service rather than door-to-door service,to-transit walking and wait time is unavoidable,and it canreflect to-transit accessibility (or access to transit).Using a wide array of approaches such as literature review,field trips.and interviews on all the 19 affordable housing estates in Xiamen,this study identifies factors affecting the walking and waittime.Then,it calculates the walking and wait time of each building using GIS analysis and evaluates its effect on by-transitaccessibility.The findings of this study are as follows:(1)Factors affecting walking and wait time include but are not limitedto the gated effect(detour).motorway,transit frequency.and the discontinuity of walking path.(2)The average walking andwait time is estimated to be over 13 min.(3)The presence of walking and wait time modestly shrinks by-transit accessibilityof transit users.(4)Access to transit of residents of affordable housing neighborhoods is lower than that of those living innormal communities.Accordingly,a few policy insights are discussed,including the optimization of a slow transport system,the enhancement of connectivity with transit stops,the opening of intemal roads of neighborhoods for public use,thereduction in the scale of housing estates,and the construction of denser road network.IKeywortlsl Walking and wait time,Last mile,Affordable housing estate,Transit,Accessibility,Xiamen0引言动出行(主要包括步行和自行车)、降低出行距离、促进公共交通和共乘拼车(Car Pooling or Car Sharing)、构环保、低碳的“绿色交通体系”是解决城市交削减单人驾乘小汽车交通(Driving Alone)是城市“绿色通及其一系列衍生问题(如交通拥堵、空气污染及温室交通体系”设的重要原则。但是,人们体能和心气体排放等)的重要举措四。减少机动出行、增加非机理耐力的有限性决定了步行与骑行交通范围的有限性。基金项目国家自然科学基金面上项日(51778530)、中国博士后科学基金项日(2017610524、2018T110868)、广东省自然科学基金项目(2018A030310392)、北京大学药洪武原创科研基金项目(侧H201803)[作者简介杨林,博士,西南交通大学筑与设计学院研究员。崔叙,博士,两南交通大学筑与设计学院教授、副院长、博士生导师。喻冰洁,西南交通大学筑与设计学院博士研究生魏宗财,博士,华南理工大学筑学院副教投,高银宝,通讯作者,重庆大学筑城规学院博士研究生50提划师LAMER5理闐素前网Z.ZC.NE1 空间出行便利性及小汽车依赖度分析Understanding Captive User Behavior行易达性的影响研究一以厦门市为例[J].地理学报,2013(4):477-490.in the Competition between BRT and[D1.厦门:厦门大学,2015.[2]Cervero 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